tuberculosis and although this is not bactericidal to M. Evidence suggests that isoniazid prevents mycolic acid synthesis in M. Isoniazid was widely used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex as part of a regimen including rifampicin and ethambutol. The drug regimen typically requires daily or weekly oral administration for a period of three to nine months, often under Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) supervision. Isoniazid can be used alone or in combination with Rifampin for treatment of latent tuberculosis, or as part of a four-drug regimen for treatment of active tuberculosis. People with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm induration who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities.Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative who have a PPD reaction at least 10 mm induration.People with pulmonary damage on their chest X-ray that is likely to be due to healed tuberculosis and also have a PPD reaction at least 5 mm induration.People whose PPD reactions convert from negative to positive in a two-year period – at least 10 mm induration for those up to 35 years of age, and at least 15 mm induration for those at least 35 years old.Contacts of people with tuberculosis and who have a PPD reaction at least 5 mm induration.People with HIV infection and a PPD (purified protein derivative) reaction of at least 5 mm induration.Isoniazid has been approved as prophylactic therapy for the following populations: ![]() However, in persons with isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid have a high rate of failure. In persons with isoniazid-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, drug regimens based on isoniazid are usually effective when persons adhere to the prescribed treatment. Isoniazid is often used to treat latent and active tuberculosis infections. Isoniazid is available as a generic medication. The World Health Organization classifies isoniazid as critically important for human medicine. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Isoniazid works in part by disrupting the formation of the bacteria's cell wall which results in cell death. Pyridoxine may be given to reduce the risk of side effects. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. Serious side effects may include liver inflammation and acute liver failure. Side effects and mechanism of action Ĭommon side effects include increased blood levels of liver enzymes and numbness in the hands and feet. ![]() It is usually taken by mouth, but may be used by injection into muscle. It may also be used for atypical types of mycobacteria, such as M. For latent tuberculosis, it is often used alone. For active tuberculosis, it is often used together with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide ( INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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